How Ambient Temperature Affects Closed Cooling Tower Performance

　　Selection and design of a closed cooling tower always take local conditions such as wet-bulb temperature and ambient temperature into account, because these temperatures have a real influence on its cooling performance. The gap between the north and the south of China is considerable, so towers are designed with different cooling capacities depending on the ambient temperature of each region.

　　In northern China, for example, winter temperatures can fall to -30 ℃. The lower the ambient temperature, the better the cooling efficiency of a closed cooling tower. In normal operation, the cooling medium flowing through the coil stays at a constant temperature, because that temperature is set by the industrial process itself. As the medium passes through the coil, its heat is exchanged with the cold air and carried away by the fan. Clearly, air at -30 ℃ removes far more heat than air at 0 ℃. The colder the air, the more heat it can absorb, so the tower cools faster and consumes less energy.

　　The spray system of a closed cooling tower is normally designed to start automatically according to temperature, which allows for variations in ambient conditions. When the temperature is high and heat exchange with air alone can no longer meet the actual demand, the spray water switches on automatically, evaporating and absorbing heat to bring the temperature down. If the ambient temperature is low enough for natural cooling to do the whole job, the spray system never has to start, which also reduces the power consumption of the tower to some extent.

　　At low temperatures, continuous natural cooling through the coil alone may well be enough to achieve the required cooling. Speaking generally, the achievable cooling temperature is roughly comparable to the local wet-bulb temperature and slightly higher. Temperatures in southern China are generally high, so when a tower is designed for that region it is best to give it somewhat more cooling capacity, which safeguards both cooling efficiency and cooling capacity.

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